ArticleACS omega2026
Tools for the Design of Diels-Alder-Based Reversible Polymer Systems: Reactivity and Reversibility of Furan/Maleimide Adducts.
Article in ACS omega, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
The equilibrium conversion of 16 model furan derivatives in Diels-Alder (DA) reactions with an aromatic bis-maleimide was investigated across the temperature range of 30-110 °C. The impact of furan substituents on the reactivity and reversibility of DA adducts was systematically investigated for establishing a useful toolbox of structure-thermal property relationships and clear guidelines for designing reversible furan-maleimide DA-based polymers. Two strategies were considered for furan integration in a polymer network. Monosubstituted furans mimicking grafted-onto moieties were first categorized into two groups: electron-donating substituents (e.g., methylene oxide/sulfide) achieved ≈90% conversion at 30-60 °C and electron-withdrawing groups (e.g., carboxyl) showed lower conversions (30-40%) at 30 °C but full reversibility at 100 °C. The heteroatom nature (N, O, or S) poorly affected equilibrium conversion. On the other hand, bisubstituted furans considered for furan integration in the polymer backbone through copolymerization exhibited distinct behaviors: furan-2,5-diyldimethanol (2,5-BHMF) mirrored monofunctional trends, while dimethyl 3,4-furandicarboxylate (3,4-DMFC) interestingly peaked at 76% conversion at 70 °C. For each studied pair, the
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