ArticlePatient preference and adherence2026
Longitudinal Patterns and Patient-Reported Barriers to Maintenance Inhaler Adherence in COPD: A Three-Wave Observational Study Using Routine Follow-Up Records.
Article in Patient preference and adherence, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Purpose: To describe short-term patterns of maintenance inhaler adherence and patient-reported barriers among adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and to examine whether barriers documented at earlier follow-ups were associated with subsequent adherence. Methods: This single-center longitudinal observational study included 278 adults with COPD followed at approximately 1-month intervals for three waves. Adherence was classified from patient- or caregiver-reported inhaler use obtained through routine semi-structured follow-up during the preceding month; unclear or unassessed use was coded missing. Transparent text rules identified five barrier categories and were validated against independent review of 150 randomly sampled records. The primary temporally ordered analysis used Firth logistic regression to compare Wave 3 low adherence between participants with any barrier documented during Waves 1-2 and those with none. Barrier-category count, adjacent-wave models, contemporaneous generalized estimating equations, and inverse probability-of-observation weighting were secondary or sensitivity analyses. Results: Adherence was evaluable for 264, 247, and 236 participants at Waves 1, 2, and 3; high adherence was recorded in 259 (98.1%), 222 (89.9%), and 189 (80.1%), respectively. Medication beliefs/perceived effectiveness were the most frequently documented barrier across any wave (35/278, 12.6%). In the primary analysis, any barrier documented during Waves 1-2 was associated with low adherence at Wave 3 compared with no prior barrier (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 4.29, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.00-9.16). The corresponding result using truncated stabilized observation weights was OR 4.81 (95% CI 2.20-10.50). In a supportive Wave 2→3 model, current high adherence was associated with next-wave high adherence (OR 19.55, 95% CI 3.03-284.84), whereas individual barrier estimates were imprecise. Conclusion: High adherence was recorded less frequently at later follow-ups, and the presence of a previously documented barrier was associated with low adherence at Wave 3. These observational findings do not establish causation or individual prediction.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.