Sustained Shifts in Dietary Supplement Use Years After COVID-19: A Post-Pandemic Evaluation of Behaviors, Perceptions, and Predictors of Change in Jordan.

Background: While numerous studies evaluated dietary supplement use during the acute phases of the COVID-19 pandemic, evidence regarding health behavioral changes remains scarce, particularly in the Middle East. This study provides a comprehensive evaluation of self-reported changes in dietary supplement consumption patterns before and years after the pandemic in Jordan, in a region where evidence on post-pandemic supplement use is limited. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Jordan (from June to August 2025) among 427 participants, with pre-pandemic dietary supplement use assessed retrospectively through participant self-report. Wilcoxon signed-rank test and McNemar's test were used for paired analyses. Multivariable ordinal logistic regression was applied to identify predictors of changes in use. Results: Significant increases in the use of most dietary supplements were observed in the post-pandemic era ( Conclusion: Changes in dietary supplement use in Jordan were observed after the pandemic, including a shift toward frequent and daily consumption. These findings suggest that changes in supplement-use behaviors remained evident in the post-pandemic period. The growing perceived value of dietary supplements underscores need for evidence-based public health guidance to promote safe and rational supplement use in the post-pandemic era.