ArticleFrontiers in pharmacology2026
GDF15-integrated blood biomarker panel for risk stratification of digestive malignancies: a multicenter retrospective study.
Article in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Digestive malignancies remain a major cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Current diagnostic approaches are often limited by invasiveness, cost, and accessibility. We aimed to develop a blood-based risk stratification model for identifying individuals at increased risk of digestive malignancies. Methods: We retrospectively collected clinical data from 667 patients with digestive malignancies and 795 non-cancer controls. A machine learning model was developed by integrating GDF15 with selected routine blood biomarkers. Model performance was evaluated using measures of discrimination, risk reclassification, and SHAP analysis. Blood GDF15 levels were measured by chemiluminescent immunoassay, and tissue expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Results: The GDF15-based machine learning model showed favourable performance in the independent validation cohort (AUROC = 0.886). Compared with conventional tumor markers alone, the addition of GDF15 improved model discrimination (AUROC, 0.856 vs. 0.777; Conclusion: Integrating GDF15 with routine blood biomarkers enables effective risk stratification of individuals at increased risk of digestive malignancies. This blood-based model may provide a practical approach for risk stratification and help identify individuals who may benefit from further diagnostic evaluation.
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