ArticlePhysical therapy research2026
Intra- and Inter-examiner Reliability of Diaphragmatic Ultrasound Parameters in People with Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.
Article in Physical therapy research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the intra- and inter-examiner reliability of ultrasound-derived diaphragm thickness (Tdi) and diaphragmatic excursion (DE) in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study included outpatients with stable COPD. Six participants were analyzed for intra-examiner reliability and 16 for inter-examiner reliability. Two trained examiners performed diaphragmatic ultrasound using a same-day standardized protocol. In the intra-examiner phase, 1 examiner performed 2 repeated measurements in 6 participants on the same day. In the inter-examiner phase, 2 examiners performed 2 measurements in 16 participants under the same-day standardized protocol. Tdi was measured at functional residual capacity (FRC), residual volume (RV), and total lung capacity (TLC), and DE was measured from resting expiration to maximal inspiration. Intra-examiner reliability was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs; ICC [1,1]), and inter-examiner reliability was evaluated using ICC (2,1); standard error of measurement and minimal detectable change were also calculated. Results: Intra-examiner ICCs ranged from 0.70 to 0.98. Tdi at TLC (Tdi Conclusions: Ultrasound-derived diaphragm parameters-particularly Tdi
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