ArticleFrontiers in nutrition2026
Effects of caffeinated chewing gum on prolonged repeated-sprint performance in normobaric hypoxia.
Article in Frontiers in nutrition, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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7 authors.
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Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effects of caffeinated chewing gum on performance during a prolonged intermittent-sprint test (IST) under normobaric hypoxia. Methods: Ten team-sport athletes (six men and four women) participated in a double-blind, randomized crossover trial with a counterbalanced treatment order, chewing either caffeinated gum (6 mg/kg) or placebo gum on two separate occasions, 7 days washout period. After chewing for 10 min, participants performed an IST protocol in hypoxia (inspired oxygen fraction: 16.5 ± 0.2%, ~2,000 m). The IST consisted of two 40-min halves separated by a 15-min halftime recovery, each comprising twenty 2-min blocks with an 8-s all-out sprint, 100 s of active recovery at 35% of peak oxygen uptake, and 12 s of passive rest. Total work done, power output, muscle and cerebral oxygenation were recorded. Results: Total work done was significantly greater with caffeinated gum, increasing by 4.4% in the first half [mean difference = 6 kJ, 95% CI (2.71, 10.08)] and a 2.9% increase in the second half [mean difference = 4 kJ, 95% CI (1.18, 6.57)] compared to placebo (all Conclusion: Caffeinated chewing gum (6 mg/kg) enhances prolonged repeated-sprint performance under normobaric hypoxia, accompanied by increased cerebral oxygenation and muscle reoxygenation capacity.
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