ArticleFrontiers in public health2026
Urban parks as social infrastructure: behavioral pathways to social interaction in densifying cities.
Article in Frontiers in public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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6 authors.
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Abstract
Background: Urban parks are important public health and social infrastructure, yet evidence on how older adults' park-use intentions are associated with visitation and Social interaction remains limited, particularly in densely populated Global South cities. This study applied an extended Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) framework to examine behavioral and contextual factors associated with park use and social interaction among older adults in Karachi, Pakistan. Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted among 576 residents aged 50 years and older. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to examine behavioral intentions, self-reported park-use behavior, social interaction in parks (SIP), and contextual antecedents of perceived behavioral control (PBC). Results: Attitude ( Conclusion: Older adults' park use and social interaction were associated with attitudes, social norms, perceived control, and supportive physical and governance conditions. The findings suggest that urban parks can function as age-supportive social infrastructure when accessible facilities are complemented by reliable maintenance, safety measures, community support, and initiatives encouraging regular park visitation and social engagement.
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