ArticlebioRxiv : the preprint server for biology2026
Accelerated Evolution of Context-Dependent Gene Expression in Primate Immune Cells.
Article in bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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8 authors.
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Abstract
Regulatory variation is widely recognized as a driver of evolution within and between species, including in the primate lineage. Evidence for potentially adaptive regulatory evolution in primates comes from both sequence-based tests for selection and cross-species comparisons of gene expression. However, comparative studies of gene expression have tended to focus on baseline cellular states, despite growing evidence that context-dependent gene regulation is important. Here, we investigate the evolution of gene expression in lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) from 6 primate lineages (humans, chimpanzees, bonobos, western gorillas, Sumatran orangutans, and rhesus macaques) using data from both control and 5 perturbed cellular conditions (n=22-25 individuals per condition). Analyzing baseline expression data, we find that genes involved in immunity often exhibit lineage-specific transcriptional shifts, and that these genes occur near regions with lineage-specific sequence acceleration and lineage-specific epigenomic states. However, the subset of genes that respond to
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