Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42817769›Full record

ArticleJournal of diabetes investigation2026

Exploring the associations of overweight and obesity with pregnancy outcomes in type 1 and type 2 diabetes: An Australian retrospective cohort study.

Xi May Zhen, Glynis Ross, Amanda Gauld, Arianne Sweeting, Alberto Nettel-Aguirre, Stephanie Noonan, Maria Constantino, Anna-Jane Harding, Adam Mackie, Hend Chatila and 5 more

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Article in Journal of diabetes investigation, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Xi May ZhenFaculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8333-4502
Glynis RossFaculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9962-052X
Amanda GauldDepartment of Endocrinology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Arianne SweetingFaculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Alberto Nettel-AguirreSchool of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6604-0652
Stephanie NoonanDepartment of Endocrinology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Maria ConstantinoFaculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9265-4815
Anna-Jane HardingDepartment of Endocrinology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Adam MackieWomen and Babies, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8763-5962
Hend ChatilaWomen and Babies, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Margaret McGillFaculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Timothy MiddletonFaculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Ted WuDepartment of Endocrinology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Stephen M TwiggFaculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Jencia WongFaculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo explore the associations of maternal overweight/obesity and pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) on glycemia and pregnancy outcomes in women with pregestational type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). RESEARCH DESIGN AND

methodsWe examined prospectively collected data (2010-2019) involving 264 singleton pregnancies affected by pregestational T1DM or T2DM. On separate analyses within each diabetes subtype, pregnancy outcomes were compared across maternal BMI categories and using BMI as a continuous variable. Co-primary outcomes included preterm delivery, large-for-gestational age (LGA) infants, and pre-eclampsia.

resultsIn those with T1DM (N = 124, 46% overweight or obese), we did not find an association between increasing BMI category and greater risks of pre-eclampsia, preterm delivery, or LGA infants. However, amongst the women with T1DM, overweight and obesity were associated with higher odds of exceeding the first trimester HbA1c target (6.5%), and each 1 kg/m

conclusionsOn separate analyses within each diabetes subtype, maternal overweight/obesity was potentially associated with increased odds of pre-eclampsia and preterm delivery in the T2DM cohort. Amongst those with T1DM, maternal overweight/obesity was associated with non-attainment of first trimester HbA1c targets. Regression analyses were performed in an exploratory and hypothesis-generating manner, and larger-scale studies are required to directly compare the effects of maternal overweight/obesity on pregnancy outcomes in T1DM vs T2DM.

Indexed as

diabetes mellitusobesitypregnancy

Identifiers

PMID42817769
PMCPMC13628177

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.