ArticleSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2026
Temperature-Dependent Electromechanical and Acoustic Responses of a Tubular PZT-5A Transducer: Finite-Element Modeling and Experimental Investigation.
Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Temperature-induced variations in piezoelectric material properties can detune acoustic-logging transducers and alter their electrical, mechanical, and acoustic responses. This study establishes a temperature-dependent finite-element model of a tubular lead zirconate titanate (PZT-5A) transducer over 0-200 °C. Temperature-dependent dielectric, piezoelectric, and elastic parameters were implemented as constitutive functions. Frequency-domain impedance simulations were compared with impedance measurements over 20-200 °C, while transient fluid-loaded simulations and laser-vibrometry measurements were used to characterize the acoustic-pressure and vessel-wall vibration responses. The simulated resonant frequency decreased from 21.379 to 19.35 kHz, and the measured value decreased from 21.135 to 19.55 kHz. The simulated static capacitance increased from 18.8 to 81.0 nF, whereas the measured value increased from 23.7 to 93.0 nF. An isolated geometric-expansion sensitivity analysis indicated that omitted dimensional changes may partly account for this discrepancy. The fitted motional resistance decreased in both the simulations and experiments. The vessel-wall vibration-velocity squared integral decreased from 0.03483 to 0.0067mm2/s, and the simulated acoustic-pressure squared integral decreased from 2.14926 to 1.59839 Pa
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