Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42817324›Full record

ArticleSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2026

Analytical Impedance Model of T-II Composite-Core ECT Probe Using Truncated Region Eigenfunction Expansion.

Siquan Zhang

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author.

Siquan ZhangDepartment of Electrical and Automation, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China.ORCID 0000-0003-1181-0482

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

To address the limitations of traditional analytical models in characterising multi-core coupling effects and the excessive computational cost of finite element simulations, this paper presents a high-precision analytical model for a novel T-II composite-core eddy current testing (ECT) probe using the Truncated Region Eigenfunction Expansion (TREE) method. The analytical expressions of coil impedance are derived by partitioning the solution domain into ten subdomains under an axisymmetric cylindrical coordinate system, with rigorous satisfaction of electromagnetic continuity at all material interfaces. Numerical cross-validation against 2D and 3D Finite Element Method (FEM) simulations under idealised modelling assumptions across the frequency range of 100 Hz to 10 kHz shows that the proposed TREE model yields relative errors below 2% for both coil resistance and reactance. Notably, the proposed approach requires significantly less computation time than 2D and 3D FEM. Further parametric analysis confirms that the proposed T-II composite-core probe delivers superior electromagnetic performance compared to conventional single-core probes, including intensified subsurface eddy current densities and improved magnetic field redistribution. This work overcomes the inherent limitations of single-core ECT analytical models, establishes a robust theoretical paradigm to interpret the distinctive electromagnetic field advantages of composite-core probes, and provides solid support for the structural optimisation of multi-core ECT sensors.

Indexed as

analytical modeleddy current testingmulti-layer conductorsubsurface defectT–II composite-core probeTruncated Region Eigenfunction Expansion

Identifiers

PMID42817324
PMCPMC13611228

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.