ArticleJournal of nursing management2026
CLeaFA: Development and Validation of the Clinical Leadership Contextual Factors Self-Assessment Tool in Belgian Hospitals.
Article in Journal of nursing management, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHealthcare professionals who actively engage in clinical leadership contribute to a culture of continuous improvement of quality of care. However, the enactment of clinical leadership strongly depends on contextual factors. Although previous research has identified several enabling contextual factors, there is no validated self-assessment tool to systematically capture and analyze these factors in practice. This gap limits the ability to assess and support clinical leadership development.
objectiveTo develop and validate a self-assessment tool that identifies contextual factors influencing the development of clinical leadership among healthcare professionals.
methodsThe Clinical Leadership Contextual Factors (CLeaFA) tool was developed and validated through a three-phase process: (1) item development informed by qualitative focus group data, (2) content validation via a Delphi procedure with experts, and (3) psychometric validation using exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and internal consistency analysis. The tool was tested in a sample of 1024 healthcare professionals from diverse disciplines and levels of seniority working in Belgian hospitals.
resultsThe CLeaFA tool consists of 35 items across four factors: (a) departmental culture, (b) leadership style of the formal leader, (c) professional competence, and (d) team dynamics.
conclusionsThe CLeaFA is a valid and reliable self-assessment tool intended for both self-reflection and offering potential use to evaluate contextual factors that influence their clinical leadership development, while also offering potential for use in training, management, and research. Future studies should further examine its applicability across diverse hospitals. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: The four CLeaFA subscales may help nurse managers identify organizational and leadership-related factors influencing clinical leadership and support leadership development planning. Further research is needed before using the CLeaFA to evaluate change or intervention responsiveness.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.