Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42816757›Full record

ReviewJournal of food science2026

Ceratonia siliqua: Phytochemistry, Bioactivity, and Its Emerging Role as a Sustainable Food and Industrial Resource.

Anis Ben Hsouna, Ravendra Kumar, Manjul Gondwal, Shivangi Chamoli, Bhanu Pratap Singh Gautam, Simranpreet Kaur, Rakesh Kumar Verma, Piyush Kumar, Monika Michalak, Boutheina Ben Akacha and 7 more

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of food science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

17 authors.

Anis Ben HsounaLaboratory of Biotechnology and Plant Improvement, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.
Ravendra KumarDepartment of Chemistry, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, India.
Manjul GondwalDepartment of Chemistry, Radhey Hari Govt. P. G. College, Kashipur, Kashipur, India.
Shivangi ChamoliDepartment of Biotechnology, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun, India.
Bhanu Pratap Singh GautamDepartment of Chemistry, Radhey Hari Govt. P. G. College, Kashipur, Kashipur, India.
Simranpreet KaurSchool of Health Sciences and Technology, UPES, Bidholi Campus, Dehradun, India.
Rakesh Kumar VermaDepartment of Zoology, Laxman Singh Mahar Campus (Affiliated to Soban Singh Jeena University, Almora), Pithoragarh, India.
Piyush KumarSchool of Health Sciences and Technology, UPES, Bidholi Campus, Dehardun, India.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1920-2820
Monika MichalakDepartment of Dermatology, Cosmetology and Aesthetic Surgery, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0471-3561
Boutheina Ben AkachaLaboratory of Biotechnology and Plant Improvement, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.
Wirginia Kukula-KochDepartment of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plants Garden, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.
Wojciech KochDepartment of Food and Nutrition, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8749-9657
Faical BriniLaboratory of Biotechnology and Plant Improvement, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.
Wissem MnifDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Bisha, Bisha, Saudi Arabia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8123-4743
Rania Ben SaadLaboratory of Biotechnology and Plant Improvement, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.
Stefania GarzoliDepartment of Chemistry and Technologies of Drug, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8535-0533
Miroslava KačániováInstitute of Horticulture, Faculty of Horticulture, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovakia.

Funding

Tunisian Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research Program Contract 2022-2026University of Bisha
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Ceratonia siliqua L. (C. siliqua), commonly known as the carob tree, is an evergreen species of the Fabaceae family native to the Mediterranean basin and increasingly cultivated worldwide. Traditionally valued as animal feed and a natural sweetener, it has recently gained recognition as a multifunctional plant resource with nutritional, pharmaceutical, and industrial relevance. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the botany, phytochemistry, nutritional profile, bioactivity, and traditional uses of C. siliqua, and discusses its economic and industrial significance. Emphasis is placed on its rich content of polyphenols, flavonoids, dietary fiber, proteins, and essential minerals, which have been associated with antioxidant, antidiabetic, antidiarrheal, antimicrobial, and cardiometabolic-related activities. Beyond its nutritional potential, carob is increasingly used in food processing, functional foods, and pharmaceutical formulations, with locust bean gum as a key industrial derivative. Despite its long history, recent advances highlight new applications and the need for systematic quality control, valorization of genetic resources, and sustainable exploitation strategies. Overall, this review provides an integrative perspective that bridges traditional knowledge with modern scientific findings, aiming to guide future research and support broader utilization of carob as a natural bioresource in health, nutrition, and industry.

Indexed as

FabaceaePhytochemicalsPlant ExtractsAnimalsAntioxidantsDietary FiberFlavonoidsFunctional FoodGalactansHumansMannansNutritive ValuePlant GumsPolyphenolsAntioxidantsDietary FiberFlavonoidsGalactanslocust bean gumMannansPhytochemicalsPlant ExtractsPlant GumsPolyphenolsbioactive compoundscarob treeCeratonia siliquafunctional foodhealth benefitsindustrial applicationsphytochemistry

Identifiers

PMID42816757
PMCPMC13627279

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.