Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42816707›Full record

ArticleAIDS and behavior2026

HIV Seroprevalence, Incidence, and Viral Suppression Among Ugandan Males with Bar or Sex Worker Partners: A Population-Based Study.

Xinyi Feng, Kate Grabowski, Fred Nalugoda, Godfrey Kigozi, Larry W Chang, Andrea Wirtz, Caitlin E Kennedy, Gertrude Nakigozi, Eshan U Patel, Anthony Ndyanabo and 8 more

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Article in AIDS and behavior, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors.

Xinyi Feng *Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0002-6036-4001
Kate Grabowski *Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. mgrabow2@jhu.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4451-3436
Fred NalugodaRakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Uganda.
Godfrey KigoziRakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Uganda.
Larry W ChangDepartment of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Andrea WirtzDepartment of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Caitlin E KennedyDepartment of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Gertrude NakigoziRakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Uganda.
Eshan U PatelDepartment of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Anthony NdyanaboRakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Uganda.
Hadijja NakawooyaRakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Uganda.
Thomas C QuinnDepartment of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Ronald M GaliwangoRakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Uganda.
David SerwaddaRakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Uganda.
Victor SsempijjaNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Steven J ReynoldsDepartment of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Aaron A R Tobian *Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Robert Ssekubugu *Rakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Uganda.

Funding

Multidisciplinary Research Training to Understand and Reduce HIV Incidence in UgandaD43TW010557 · FIC · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI CHANG, LARRY WILLIAM · 2018 to 2022
$1.6M
Male Circumcision and Use of Foreskin Tissues for HIV Prevention in UgandaD43TW009578 · FIC · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI GRAY, RONALD H · 2013 to 2017
$1.3M
Center for AIDS Research, Johns Hopkins University P30AI094189Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases R01DK131926FIC NIH HHS D43TW009578FIC NIH HHS D43TW010557JG CDC HHS NU2GGH000817JG CDC HHS NU2GGH002009
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Female bar or sex workers (FBSWs) in Eastern Africa experience a high burden of HIV, but population-level data on HIV seroprevalence, incidence, and viral suppression among their male partners are limited. We identified 2,420 men who had ever reported sex with FBSWs in the past year among 17,438 male participants through longitudinal population-based HIV surveillance in southern Uganda (2013-2020), spanning four surveys in four Lake Victoria fishing communities (HIV seroprevalence ~40%) and 37 inland agrarian and trading communities (~12%). Primary outcomes were HIV seropositivity, incident infection, and viral suppression (< 200 copies/mL). Prevalence and incidence rate ratios (PR, IRR) were estimated using Poisson regressions with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Among 17,438 male participants (35,273 visits), 2,420 (13.9%) reported FBSW partners at ≥ 1 study visit, who were generally older, less educated, had lower incomes, and were more likely to be previously married. Men with FBSW partners had significantly higher HIV seroprevalence than those without (32.6% vs. 10.3%; PR=3.16, 95% CI=2.93-3.40). Overall, 154 incident HIV infections occurred over 27,396 person-years of follow-up, with men with FBSW partners having higher incidence than those without (1.93 vs. 0.44/100 person-years; IRR=4.37, 95% CI=3.04-6.16). Viral suppression among men with HIV was similar between groups, but population-level HIV viremia was 1.6 times higher (95% CI=1.41-1.84) among men with FBSW partners due to their higher background seroprevalence. Men in Uganda frequently report sex with FBSWs, which is associated with a significantly higher risk of HIV acquisition. Tailored HIV prevention strategies, including approaches to promote PrEP uptake, may help reduce the HIV burden in this population.

Indexed as

AfricaFemale sex workerHIVPrEPViral suppression

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.