Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42815464›Full record

ArticleCell2026

Salicylic acid engages central metabolic regulators SnRK1 and TOR to govern immunity by differential phosphorylation of NPR1.

Yixuan Chen, John Withers, Yulin Sun, Tianyuan Chen, Sargis Karapetyan, Jan Draken, Yezi Xiang, Yuzhe Yuan, Yang He, Wolfgang Dröge-Laser and 2 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Cell, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Yixuan ChenDepartment of Biology, Duke University, Box 90338, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
John WithersDepartment of Biology, Duke University, Box 90338, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
Yulin SunInstitute for Plant-Human Interface, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Bioengineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Tianyuan ChenDepartment of Biology, Duke University, Box 90338, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
Sargis KarapetyanDepartment of Biology, Duke University, Box 90338, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
Jan DrakenDepartment of Pharmaceutical Biology, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 97082 Würzburg, Germany.
Yezi XiangDepartment of Biology, Duke University, Box 90338, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
Yuzhe YuanDepartment of Biology, Duke University, Box 90338, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
Yang HeDepartment of Biology, Duke University, Box 90338, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
Wolfgang Dröge-LaserDepartment of Pharmaceutical Biology, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 97082 Würzburg, Germany.
Jing-Ke WengInstitute for Plant-Human Interface, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Bioengineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Xinnian DongDepartment of Biology, Duke University, Box 90338, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA. Electronic address: xdong@duke.edu.

Funding

Salicylic Acid in Immunity and Health: A Small Phytohormone with Big Physiological ImpactsR35GM118036 · NIGMS · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI Xinnian Dong · 2016 to 2026
$4.0M
NIGMS NIH HHS R35 GM118036
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Immunity requires a delicate balance between combating infection and preserving metabolic functions. However, the mechanisms by which immune responses are coordinated with cellular metabolism remain largely unknown. Here, we show that NONEXPRESSER OF PR GENES 1 (NPR1), the central plant immune regulator of salicylic acid (SA)-mediated defense responses, is controlled by a cascade of post-translational modifications (PTMs) involving two master nutrient-sensing kinases. In the absence of pathogen challenge, TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN (TOR) inhibits NPR1 through phosphorylation at Ser-55/59. During defense responses, elevated SA reduces sugar phosphate levels and enhances SNF1-RELATED PROTEIN KINASE 1 (SnRK1) activity, which in turn inhibits TOR signaling and phosphorylates NPR1 at Ser-557, a modification required for subsequent PTMs and NPR1 activation. Together, our findings identify SA as a coordinator of growth and immunity in response to pathogen challenge by modulating the central metabolic regulators SnRK1 and TOR, which antagonistically control NPR1 immune activity through differential phosphorylation.

Indexed as

metabolismNPR1phosphorylationplant immune responseSAsalicylic acidSARSnRK1systemic acquired resistanceTOR

Identifiers

PMID42815464
PMCPMC13629491

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.