ArticleThe Brazilian journal of infectious diseases : an official publication of the Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases2026
Gestational and congenital syphilis in a Brazilian harbor city: A population-based study of prevalence, determinants, and adverse neonatal outcomes.
Article in The Brazilian journal of infectious diseases : an official publication of the Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundGestational and congenital syphilis remain major public health concerns, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, with substantial impacts on neonatal health. This study estimated the prevalence of gestational syphilis and the birth prevalence of congenital syphilis, identified factors associated with gestational syphilis, and evaluated the association between congenital syphilis and adverse neonatal outcomes in Guarujá, São Paulo, Brazil.
methodsThis cross-sectional study was nested within the population-based Guaru-yá Birth Cohort and included 2,217 hospital births from April 2024 to April 2025. Gestational syphilis was defined by reactive treponemal and non-treponemal tests during pregnancy or delivery, considering diagnosis and treatment during the current pregnancy; adequately treated women were not classified as cases. Congenital syphilis was defined according to clinical, laboratory, or epidemiological criteria compatible with vertical transmission. Adjusted Prevalence Ratios (PR) and 95% Confidence Intervals (95% CI) were estimated using Poisson regression with robust variance.
resultsGestational syphilis prevalence was 12.8% (95% CI: 11.4-14.2), and congenital syphilis birth prevalence was 5.8% (95% CI: 4.8-6.8). Higher gestational syphilis prevalence was observed among women with low maternal education (PR = 2.47; 95% CI: 1.43-4.29), living in poorest households (PR = 1.46; 95% CI: 1.07-2.00), who did not cohabit with a partner (PR = 1.83; 95% CI: 1.45-2.31), who smoked during pregnancy (PR = 1.75; 95% CI: 1.35-2.27), and used illicit drug during pregnancy (PR = 1.70; 95% CI: 1.26-2.28). Women aged ≥ 35 years showed lower prevalence of gestational syphilis compared with those aged 20-34 years (PR = 0.67; 95% CI: 0.47-0.97). Congenital syphilis remained independently associated with fetal or neonatal death (PR = 3.25; 95% CI: 1.74-6.07).
conclusionsGestational syphilis was strongly associated with socioeconomic vulnerability and behavioral factors. Congenital syphilis remained independently associated with fetal or neonatal death, reinforcing the need for early prenatal access, repeated screening, timely maternal and partner treatment, and strengthened surveillance to reduce vertical transmission.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.