Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42815081›Full record

ArticleBreast (Edinburgh, Scotland)2026

Risk factors of immune-related adverse events in patients with early-stage breast cancer: Findings from a multi-institutional retrospective study.

Alexis LeVee, Saya Jacob, Samantha Fisch, Carolyne Face, Madhuri Chengappa, Saliha Chaudhry, Nikita Baclig, Andrew Soliman, Nora Ruel, Megan Wong and 14 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Breast (Edinburgh, Scotland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

24 authors.

Alexis LeVeeUniversity of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA. Electronic address: alevee@mednet.ucla.edu.
Saya JacobUniversity of Pennsylvania Abramson Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA; University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Samantha FischUniversity of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Carolyne FaceUniversity of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Madhuri ChengappaUniversity of Minnesota Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Saliha ChaudhryUniversity of Minnesota Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Nikita BacligUniversity of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Andrew SolimanUniversity of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Nora RuelCity of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA.
Megan WongCity of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA.
Karen TsaiCity of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA.
Irene KangCity of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA.
Austin KordicCity of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA.
Laura HuppertUniversity of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Laura QuintalUniversity of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Michelle MeliskoUniversity of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Melanie MajureUniversity of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Jo ChienUniversity of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Melissa LechnerUniversity of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Dame IdossaUniversity of Minnesota Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Anne BlaesUniversity of Minnesota Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Kelly McCannUniversity of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Hope S RugoCity of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA; University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Joanne MortimerCity of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA.

Funding

Mechanisms of Thyroid Autoimmunity in Checkpoint ImmunotherapyK08DK129829 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI LECHNER, MELISSA G · 2021 to 2025
$878k
NIDDK NIH HHS K08 DK129829
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionIdentifying risk factors and biomarkers of immune-related adverse events (irAE) in patients with early-stage breast cancer could help prevent and mitigate irAE and improve disease outcomes. This retrospective cohort study aims to identify predictive biomarkers of irAE in patients with early-stage breast cancer treated with ICI.

methodsPatients with early-stage breast cancer treated with ICI between 2014 and 2024 from four institutions were included. Demographics, baseline laboratory values, and ICI treatment information were collected. Chi-square and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests were used to compare patients with and without any-grade irAE and grade ≥3 irAE. Uni- and multivariate logistic regression was performed to determine factors predictive of grade ≥3 irAE.

resultsOf the 423 patients included, 307 (72.6%) developed any-grade irAE and 81 (19.1%) developed grade ≥3 irAE. Hispanic ethnicity was associated with lower rates of any-grade and grade ≥3 irAE compared to non-Hispanic/unknown ethnicity (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.04, respectively). Patients with higher absolute eosinophil counts were more likely to have any-grade irAE (p = 0.0005). Grade ≥3 irAE were more common in non-smokers (p = 0.05) and those with chronic kidney disease (CKD; p = 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression demonstrated that older age (≥50y vs. <50y) [OR 1.70; 95% CI, 1.02-2.85; p = 0.04] and CKD (OR 4.97; 95% CI, 1.59-15.5; p = 0.006) were predictive of grade ≥3 irAE.

conclusionIn patients with early-stage breast cancer treated with ICI, older age and the presence of CKD were risk factors of grade ≥3 irAE. Further studies to identify biomarkers of irAE are needed to prevent irAE and reduce the long-term complications.

Indexed as

BiomarkerBlood cell countsBreast cancerImmune checkpoint inhibitorsImmune-related adverse events

Identifiers

PMID42815081
PMCPMC13657244

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.