ArticleJournal of vascular research2026
Endothelial-Fibroblast Organoids Generated in Hydrogel Microchamber Arrays: A Translational Model of Vascular Dysfunction in Cardio-Kidney-Metabolic Disease.
Article in Journal of vascular research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionCardio-kidney-metabolic (CKM) disease comprises interconnected cardiovascular, renal, and metabolic disorders in which endothelial dysfunction drives microvascular and macrovascular injury. Although novel treatments improve clinical outcomes, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying these effects remain incompletely understood. Addressing this gap requires experimental systems that recapitulate the structural and functional complexity of the vascular microenvironment. The objective of this study was to establish and characterize a three-dimensional (3D) endothelial and fibroblast co-culture platform for controlled investigation of endothelial morphogenesis, stromal interactions, and responses to metabolic and pharmacological stimuli.
methodsWe developed a hydrogel microchamber (HMC) array platform enabling reproducible formation of endothelial spheroids and extracellular matrix-embedded organoids. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were cultured alone or with NIH3T3 fibroblasts, allowing direct comparison of growth configurations within a defined 3D microenvironment. Morphometric parameters were quantified longitudinally following glucose exposure to model diabetic-like conditions and treatment with a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist/insulin combination (Xultophy).
resultsThe HMC platform supported reproducible formation of monolayers, scaffold-free spheroids, and matrix-embedded organoids. Fibroblast co-culture enhanced endothelial organization and structural complexity. Glucose exposure induced time-dependent increases in organoid size and reduced circularity, indicating structural remodeling. Xultophy treatment moderated these effects and preserved higher circularity. Sequential stimulation revealed order-dependent responses, with Xultophy partially attenuating glucose-induced expansion. Organoids exhibited stronger responses than spheroids, underscoring the role of extracellular matrix context.
conclusionThe HMC system provides a reproducible platform for studying endothelial morphogenesis and stromal regulation in physiologically relevant 3D environments, enabling controlled investigation of endothelial responses to metabolic stress and therapeutic modulation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.