ArticleJournal of gastroenterology2026
Clinical characteristics and outcomes of bacterial and viral gastrointestinal infection by pathogen: a large-scale observational study in United States.
Article in Journal of gastroenterology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundThe evaluations of clinical characteristics and outcomes by specific gastrointestinal (GI) pathogen are critical. This study aimed to evaluate GI pathogen-specific clinical characteristics and outcomes using a large-scale database.
methodsThis retrospective cohort study used a database (TriNetX) of multicenter electronic health records to evaluate clinical characteristics and outcomes of GI infection by 14 bacterial and viral pathogen groups. Evaluated clinical outcomes were all-cause 30-day ward admission, critical care admission and mortality.
resultsThe number of patients with GI infection by pathogen ranged from Vibrio (N = 373) to norovirus (N = 24,100). For all-cause 30-day mortality, norovirus had the higher mortality rate (1.7%) than other viruses, including 0.4% for rotavirus, 0.9% for adenovirus, 0.5% for astrovirus, and 0.5% for sapovirus. The comparative trends by pathogen were maintained for the all-cause 30-day critical care admission rate and hospitalization rate. The elderly had the highest mortality rate across investigated GI pathogens. For the critical care admission rate by age group, Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (7.2%) and norovirus (5.0%) had relatively high critical care admission rates in children <5 years.
conclusionSevere clinical outcomes following GI infection were not rare across investigated pathogens with the elderly having the highest mortality rate. A limitation of this study was that it assessed only all-cause outcome events. The study findings may guide future development and allocation of preventive and therapeutic interventions.
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