Treatment Patterns and Clinical Outcomes Among Chinese Patients With Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma: A Multicenter Retrospective Study (CHAMP-MM).

The therapeutic landscape for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) in China has evolved significantly with wider access to novel agents, including proteasome inhibitors (PIs), immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs), and CD38 monoclonal antibodies. However, real-world data on treatment patterns and outcomes, particularly among high-risk subgroups, remain limited. The CHAMP-MM study aimed to evaluate real-world frontline and post-initial relapse treatment patterns and outcomes in NDMM patients, including high-risk subgroups, defined as those age ≥ 65 (elderly), with renal impairment (RI), and with 1q cytogenetic abnormalities. The study utilized electronic medical record data from five tertiary hematologic centers in China. Adult patients diagnosed with active MM between 2018 and 2022 were included and followed until last visit or end of study (December 31, 2023). A total of 1139 patients were analyzed, including 364 elderly, 148 with RI, and 334 with 1q abnormalities. PI+IMiD-based regimens were the most common frontline therapy (50.0%) overall, as well as in elderly patients and 1q subgroups, whereas PI-based regimens were more frequently used in RI patients. Only 25.1% of NDMM patients received autologous stem cell transplant after induction. Following initial relapse, PI+IMiD-based (32.6%) and CD38-based (30.9%) regimens predominated. Frontline overall response rates were approximately 80% across all groups, whereas the proportion of patients achieving very good partial response (PR) or better ranged from 60.9% to 75.1% across subgroups. While overall 12- and 24-month progression-free survival (PFS) rates remained high, outcomes were poorer in high-risk subgroups. This study reflects real-world treatment trends in China over 5 years and emphasizes the continued need for tailored treatment approaches in high-risk populations.