ArticleFrontiers in pharmacology2026
Exploratory proteomic characterization of
Article in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Bee venom ( Methods: Venom from multiple Results: Overall, 679 proteins were identified. Principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering showed reproducible grouping of analytical duplicates by geographic origin, indicating distinct proteomic profiles among zones. Differential abundance analysis identified proteins with significant abundance changes between regions, particularly between Sea Level and Inland Valley. Classical venom components, including melittin and phospholipase A2, predominated across samples, whereas proteins associated with stress response, redox regulation, metabolism, and secretion showed geographic variation. Conclusion: Bee venom from geographically distinct areas of central Chile exhibited exploratory proteomic differences, primarily in protein abundance patterns. Although the absence of independent biological replicates limits population-level inference, these patterns suggest environmentally associated proteomic plasticity potentially relevant to biological activity and pharmacological standardization. Further studies incorporating biological replication, targeted validation, and functional assays are required to confirm these findings.
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