ArticleIndian journal of psychiatry2026
An exploratory factor analysis of Telugu versions of the WHO well-being index, the UCLA-loneliness scale and the perceived criticism scale in caregivers of schizophrenia patients.
Article in Indian journal of psychiatry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: The lack of locally validated instruments hinders proper evaluation and management of caregiver burden. Aim: To perform an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) of Telugu-translated scales assessing psychological factors related to caregiver burden. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at three sites: Among 100 caregivers of schizophrenia patients using Telugu-translated versions of the WHO Well-being Index (WHO WBI), the UCLA Loneliness Scale (ULS), and the Perceived Criticism Scale (PCS). EFA was used to identify the factor structure. Results: Principal component analysis revealed that the items of the scales- WHO-WBI, ULS, and PCS were significantly loaded on one factor each, with eigenvalues of 3.810, 2.504, and 2.105, respectively, and the substantive factors represent "mood", "loneliness", and "criticism", respectively. Cronbach's α coefficient was 0.9 for WHO-WBI and ULS, and 0.78 for PCS, indicating an acceptable level of internal consistency. Conclusion: Telugu versions of WHO-WBI, ULS, and PCS hold fair-to-good structural validity and internal consistency.
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