ReviewFrontiers in immunology2026
Immunomodulatory properties of umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells in immune disorders: immunoregulatory functions, therapeutic progress, and engineering strategies for enhanced efficacy.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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5 authors.
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Abstract
Immune disorders remain a major global health challenge, as conventional immunosuppressive therapies are often hampered by severe side effects and unsatisfactory long-term efficacy. Umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (UC-MSCs) have emerged as a promising therapeutic modality for various immune disorders and balance immune homeostasis by regulating various immune cells and secreting anti-inflammatory mediators. We systematically review and synthesize preclinical and clinical evidence supporting UC-MSC treatment for major immune diseases, with graft-versus-host disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, inflammatory bowel disease, and rheumatoid arthritis being prime examples. Despite the promising therapeutic outcomes, therapeutic efficacy and large-scale clinical manufacturing of UC-MSC therapies are constrained by multiple challenges. This review also systematically examines the major translational bottlenecks for UC-MSCs in treating immune disorders, including cellular heterogeneity, non-uniform preparation standards, impaired homing and biodistribution, and insufficient long-term safety data. Finally, two main avenues for enhancing UC-MSC therapeutic potential are summarized, including optimized culture strategies, such as hypoxic preconditioning, cytokine priming, and three-dimensional spheroid culture, and genetic engineering. It is hoped that we will be able to gain a deeper understanding of the development of stable and scalable UC-MSC interventions for immune diseases.
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