ReviewPublic health challenges2026
Strengthening Rural Primary Healthcare for Climate Resilience in Zambia: An Equity-Centered Approach.
Review in Public health challenges, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Climate change presents an escalating threat to health systems worldwide, with rural populations in low-income countries disproportionately affected. In Zambia, where primary healthcare (PHC) is the main access point for most communities, extreme weather events and environmental degradation increasingly disrupt service delivery and threaten health outcomes. However, limited evidence exists on how these climate risks intersect with systemic vulnerabilities in rural health systems. We explored the pathways through which climate change disrupts rural PHC delivery in Zambia and identified priority domains for adaptation and resilience-building. We conducted a narrative synthesis of national data, peer-reviewed literature, and regional case studies to assess climate-related risks affecting rural health systems. The analysis focused on five critical domains: infrastructure damage, energy insecurity; water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) vulnerabilities; supply-chain disruptions; and geographic accessibility. Findings were contextualized within Zambia's rural health landscape and aligned with the World Health Organization (WHO) framework on climate-resilient health systems. Rural PHC services in Zambia face intersecting climate risks, including flood-induced infrastructure damage, widespread energy and water insecurity, disrupted supply chains, and reduced access to care during extreme weather. These challenges are compounded by structural weaknesses, such as limited off-grid infrastructure, seasonal transport barriers, and insufficient integration of climate resilience into national and district health planning. Vulnerable populations, especially women, children, and those in remote areas, experience the greatest barriers under climate stress. Strengthening climate resilience in Zambia's PHC system requires urgent, equity-focused interventions across infrastructure, energy, WASH, and logistics. Mainstreaming climate adaptation into health policy and planning is essential to protect vulnerable populations and sustain health service delivery. Enhancing PHC resilience is not only critical for climate preparedness but also central to achieving universal health coverage and long-term health system sustainability.
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