ArticleFrontiers in microbiology2026
Lung microbial dysregulation and TNF inhibition are associated with worsened nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease.
Article in Frontiers in microbiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Introduction: Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are ubiquitous bacteria that cause a spectrum of diseases, most notably pulmonary disease (NTMPD). The host factors contributing to the heightened susceptibility and severity of NTMPD in elderly individuals are poorly understood. Prior studies have reported increased incidence of NTMPD in individuals receiving immune modulatory biologics such as anti-TNF and JAK-STAT inhibitors. Moreover, we recently described that age-related changes in the lung microbiome, notably the loss of a main commensal Methods: Young (4-7 years old) rhesus macaques were either pretreated with: (1) nebulized amikacin and vancomycin to disrupt the lung microbiome; (2) the TNF inhibitor Inflectra to suppress Th1 responses; or (3) left untreated. Animals were subsequently inoculated with Results and discussion: Antibiotic-treated animals experienced significant microbiome compositional shifts including the depletion of
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