SynthesisFrontiers in psychiatry2026
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder among civilians in Indian-administered Kashmir: a systematic review.
Synthesis in Frontiers in psychiatry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Purpose: Prolonged exposure to armed conflict is associated with elevated rates of PTSD in civilian populations, such as Indian-administered Kashmir. This review aimed to systematically synthesise research on prevalence, risk factors, and correlates of PTSD among civilians in this setting and their association with armed conflict exposure. Methods: A systematic review following PRISMA guidelines was conducted for empirical studies published up to 2025. Sixteen quantitative studies met the inclusion criteria. Due to heterogeneity in study design, sampling, and PTSD assessment, findings were synthesised narratively. Results: Reported PTSD prevalence varied across studies. Among community-based adult samples, prevalence ranged from 15.9% to 24.5%, with higher screening-based estimates in selected populations, including college students (up to 49.8%) and children (up to 40%) meeting a PCL-C threshold for probable PTSD. Higher prevalence was observed among women, socioeconomically disadvantaged groups, orphans, and individuals with direct conflict-related injuries. Several studies reported dose-response relationships between cumulative trauma exposure and PTSD, with PTSD symptoms commonly reported even years after exposure and comorbid with depression, anxiety, and substance misuse. Several limitations of existing literature were identified, such as considerable variation in study quality and reliance on cross-sectional research. Conclusion: This review reveals substantial levels of PTSD among civilians in Indian-administered Kashmir. It highlights variability driven by methodological differences in measurement, sampling, and exposure assessment. Greater consistency in assessment and study design and more longitudinal studies are needed to strengthen psychiatric epidemiological evidence in armed conflict settings to inform psychiatric support approaches in prolonged armed conflict settings. The findings highlight how the scale of need for psychiatric care in Kashmir exceeds capacity, prompting a need to explore possible low-resource interventions options such as community-based and task-shared approaches, options which may also be applicable in other militarised, low-resource settings. Systematic Review Registration: https://osf.io/3ztxq.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.