ArticleJournal of lipid and atherosclerosis2026
Frequency of Low HDL Cholesterol and the Dose-Dependent Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: A Longitudinal Cohort Study.
Article in Journal of lipid and atherosclerosis, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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5 authors.
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Abstract
Objective: Although low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) is an established risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D), most studies have relied on single-point measurements. We investigated whether persistent low HDL-C levels were associated with an increased risk of incident T2D in young adults. Methods: We included 1,840,251 individuals from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database (2009-2012) who underwent 4 consecutive annual health examinations. Participants were categorized into 5 groups according to the frequency of low HDL-C exposure (0-4 times; <40 mg/dL in men and <50 mg/dL in women). The risk of incident T2D was assessed using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models over a mean follow-up of 6.5 years. Results: The risk of T2D increased significantly with increasing frequency of low HDL-C exposure ( Conclusion: A clear dose-response relationship was observed, indicating that cumulative exposure to low HDL-C levels was strongly associated with an increased risk of T2D. This association remained robust regardless of metabolic status, although it was more pronounced in younger adults, women, and non-obese individuals.
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