ArticleFrontiers in medicine2026
Progression of coronary artery calcification in chronic kidney disease: nonlinear associations with serum magnesium and parathyroid hormone.
Article in Frontiers in medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Introduction: Coronary artery calcification (CAC) progresses rapidly in chronic kidney disease (CKD), but its trajectories across stages and nonlinear relationships with serum magnesium and parathyroid hormone (PTH) remain unclear. Methods: We evaluated 800 CKD patients stratified into four groups (stages 1-2, 3, 4-5, and dialysis) over a median follow-up of 20.5 months using serial chest CT scans. Linear mixed-effects models, restricted cubic splines, and LASSO regression were applied to analyze trajectories, nonlinear relationships, and construct a predictive model. Results: The annualized rate of CAC progression increased significantly with advancing CKD stages (8.5%, 13.2%, 22.8%, and 29.5%/year, respectively; Conclusion: In conclusion, CAC progression accelerates as renal function declines, peaking in dialysis patients. Low magnesium (<0.82 mmol/L) and high PTH (120 pg/mL) are key nonlinear risk factors. The resulting predictive model provides clinical utility for stratified cardiovascular risk management.
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