Urolithin A has antiplatelet effects in contrast to its glucuronide, urolithin B, and isourolithin A.

Introduction: Consumption of dietary ellagitannins has been suggested to have protective effects against cardiovascular disease, likely due to the colonic formation of urolithins and their subsequent systemic absorption. Urolithins have been previously shown to possess vasodilatory and anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, it was examined whether urolithins (urolithin A, B, and isourolithin A) and two of their glucuronides (urolithin A 3-glucuronide, isourolithin A 3-glucuronide) can block platelet aggregation in humans. Methods: Seventeen healthy volunteers were included in this study. For the assessment of platelet aggregation, whole blood impedance aggregometry was utilized. Coagulation was examined using a semi-automatic coagulometer with mechanical clot detection. Acute toxicity was evaluated with a rat red blood cell lysis assay. For mechanistic studies, an ELISA-based commercial kit was used. Results: Urolithin A was a relatively potent antiplatelet drug with an IC Conclusion: Our observations suggest that urolithin A can be further investigated or used as a template for the development of antiplatelet drug(s). Additional pharmacokinetic, toxicological and efficacy studies are, however, required to confirm and quantify the extent of this effect