SynthesisFrontiers in public health2026
Effectiveness of injury prevention programmes in female team sports: a systematic review and meta-analysis of hierarchical injury outcomes, training dose-response relationships, and adherence.
Synthesis in Frontiers in public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: To quantify the effectiveness of exercise-based injury prevention programmes (IPPs) in female team sports across overall, lower-limb, and site-specific injury outcomes, and to examine training dose and adherence as potential effect modifiers. Methods: Randomised controlled trials evaluating exercise-based IPPs in female team-sport athletes were synthesised. Risk ratios (RRs) were pooled using random-effects models. Subgroup analyses examined training frequency, session duration, weekly training dose, and adherence, while meta-regression was used to examine study-level associations with training dose and adherence. Results: Thirteen unique trials involving 13,675 athletes were included. IPPs reduced overall injury risk by 35% (RR = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.53-0.79), with a similar reduction in lower-limb injuries (RR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.53-0.86). Significant reductions were also observed for anterior cruciate ligament injuries (RR = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.43-0.89) and ankle injuries (RR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.42-0.84). Exploratory subgroup analyses suggested larger effects at 4-5 sessions/week (RR = 0.47) and 21-30 min/session (RR = 0.42). Programmes providing 51-120 min/week were associated with greater risk reduction than those providing 1-50 min/week (RR = 0.48 vs. 0.80). Trials with adherence ≥75% showed a clear protective effect (RR = 0.55), whereas those with lower adherence showed little evidence of benefit (RR = 0.93). The certainty of evidence for the primary overall-injury outcome was low. Conclusion: Exercise-based neuromuscular IPPs appear to reduce overall and lower-limb injury risk in female team sports, with protective effects observed for ACL and ankle injuries and the most consistent estimate for ACL injury. Greater weekly exposure was associated with larger risk reductions at the study level, whereas the continuous adherence meta-regression was not significant. These patterns should be interpreted as exploratory implementation signals rather than definitive thresholds. Systematic review registration: The systematic review was prospectively registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251236606). URL: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD420251236606.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.