ArticlePediatric diabetes2026
Celiac disease and celiac serology in children with Type 1 Diabetes: diagnostic timing, serologic patterns, and implications for long-term management.
Article in Pediatric diabetes, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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10 authors.
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Abstract
The prevalence of celiac disease (CeD) in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is significant, and celiac serology screening is routinely done in T1DM patients. The sequence of CeD and T1DM diagnosis and the natural history of transient celiac serology in T1DM is poorly defined. We aimed to investigate the temporal relationship between T1DM and CeD diagnoses, and the long-term natural history of celiac serology and CeD diagnosis in children with T1DM. A retrospective cohort study of 1,799 children with T1DM, treated at a single tertiary center (2009-2024), was evaluated for clinical, laboratory, and histologic data. Patients with positive anti-tissue-transglutaminase IgA antibodies (anti-TTG) were stratified based on CeD diagnosis or long-term serological behavior on a gluten-containing diet. Among 136 patients with T1DM and positive anti-TTG, 113 were diagnosed with CeD, 15 had persistent seropositivity (without confirmed CeD), and eight had a single borderline result (< ×3 upper limit of normal). CeD was diagnosed after T1DM in 81.4% of cases, and prior to TIDM in 18.6%. Patients diagnosed with CeD prior to T1DM exhibited more gastrointestinal symptoms, higher EMA positivity, and poorer glycemic control (
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