Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42811355›Full record

Observational studyBMC health services research2026

Implementation and feasibility evaluation of a standard set of intensive care unit discharge criteria in a prospective before-after observational pilot study.

Maike Hiller, Antonia Brugger, Svea Nies, Alina Schenk, Maria Wittmann, Jan-Karl Schütte, Stefan Schröder, Reimer Riessen, Hendrik Bracht, Jan Bakker

Abstract readObservational Study
In one paragraph

Observational study in BMC health services research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Maike HillerDepartment of Intensive Care Adults, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands. maike.hiller@philips.com.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7856-3722
Antonia BruggerMedical Intensive Care Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
Svea NiesInterdisciplinary Intensive Care Unit, Clinic for Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, Emergency Medicine and Pain therapy, Artemed Hospital Düren, Düren, Germany.
Alina SchenkInstitute for Medical Biometry, Informatics, and Epidemiology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
Maria WittmannDepartment of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
Jan-Karl SchütteInterdisciplinary Intensive Care Unit, Clinic for Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, Emergency Medicine and Pain therapy, Artemed Hospital Düren, Düren, Germany.
Stefan SchröderInterdisciplinary Intensive Care Unit, Clinic for Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, Emergency Medicine and Pain therapy, Artemed Hospital Düren, Düren, Germany.
Reimer RiessenMedical Intensive Care Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
Hendrik BrachtDepartment of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine, Emergency Medicine and Pain Medicine, University Hospital OWL, Campus Bethel, Bielefeld, Germany.
Jan BakkerDepartment of Intensive Care Adults, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundIdentifying ICU patients stable enough for discharge to lower care levels is usually subjective. We previously derived a standardized discharge criteria set including patient-specific aspects and organizational capabilities. This study evaluated its implementation feasibility, clinical utility for objective discharge readiness assessment, and descriptive patient flow and safety related outcome parameters in routine care.

methodsA prospective two-phase before-after observational pilot study was conducted in two German ICUs in 2022. During baseline, discharge-readiness workflows were observed. After criteria-set implementation and pre-testing, criteria completion, user feedback, patient-flow, acuity, and capacity parameters were collected. Due to small cohorts, only descriptive statistics were reported.

resultsEleven mainly patient-specific and some organization-specific criteria reached > 80% completion at discharge decision and were defined as a core set. User feedback supported extending this core set with organization-related criteria according to clinical setting, patient groups, pathways, and receiving-unit capabilities. Discharge readiness assessment should involve all relevant stakeholders to align care needs with available capabilities.

conclusionsA core set of eleven criteria indicated ICU discharge readiness in clinical routine. Organization-specific criteria can support adaptation to different patient subgroups and pathways. Workflow integration may support timely and safe transfers, but patient flow and safety effects require validation in larger studies. Holistic discharge readiness assessment requires coordinated pathway-management processes along the care continuum. Future implementation should prioritize reporting automation, intuitive visualization, and workflow-integrated documentation, ideally supported by a patient data management system.

Indexed as

Intensive Care UnitsPatient DischargeFeasibility StudiesFemaleGermanyHealth Plan ImplementationHumansMaleMiddle AgedPilot ProjectsProspective StudiesCare transitionDischarge criteriaDischarge processDischarge readiness assessmentICU capacityIntensive care patient dischargePatient flow managementPatient pathways

Identifiers

PMID42811355
PMCPMC13625244

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.