ArticleBMC research notes2026
Development and technical evaluation of a reusable 3D-printed cytospin funnel for enlarged cytospin generation.
Article in BMC research notes, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveCell fixation on a microscope glass slide is a standard technique for evaluating cellular morphology in a wide range of biosamples. Cytofunnels are used in a cytocentrifuge to direct cells onto the glass slide and generate a "cytospin". Commercial cytofunnels have a fixed design with limited cytospin areas, being mostly single-use and are costly. The goal of this study was to design and manufacture a 3D-printed, customized cytofunnel that is cost-efficient, reusable and generates a larger cytospin area. We used an iterative design process using computer-aided design (CAD) software and stereolithography (SLA) printing with biocompatible resin. The funnel prototypes were subjected to a technical evaluation using two independent human pleural effusion specimens, as well as through repeated exposure to two commonly used disinfectants.
resultsThe 3D-printed cytospin funnel featured larger outlet diameters, increasing the cytospin area approximately threefold with a total manufacturing time of 24 h. The presented reusable funnel design enabled enlarged cytospin areas and increased practical cell-loading capacities under the tested conditions and may support future digital cytology and high-throughput analysis workflows. The published STL file may provide an accessible, sustainable alternative for laboratories, especially in resource-limited settings and may serve as a basis for further customization.
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