ArticleBMC public health2026
Childhood maltreatment and adult blood pressure-based outcomes: age- and sex-specific associations in the German National Cohort (NAKO).
Article in BMC public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundChildhood maltreatment (CM) is associated with adult cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure (BP), key markers of CVD risk, exhibit age- and sex-dependent variability, which was insufficiently accounted for in previous studies on the CM-BP relationship. This study therefore aimed to assess age- and sex-specific associations between CM and adult BP-based outcomes and hypertension using cross-sectional data from the population based German National Cohort (NAKO).
methodsComplete data were available for 150,983 participants (49.3% female), who took part in the baseline assessment between 2014 and 2019. CM was assessed via the Childhood Trauma Screener (CTS). Resting BP was assessed using a standardized procedure. Hypertension was defined as either SBP ≥ 140 mmHg or DBP ≥ 90 mmHg or intake of antihypertensive medication. Age- and sex-stratified multivariable regression models estimated age- and sex-specific associations between CM and BP-based markers and sex-stratified logistic regression models were calculated for hypertension as the outcome.
resultsA pattern of inverse associations between CTS sum score (CTS
conclusionsThe association between CM and BP revealed age- and sex-dependent patterns, highlighting the complexity of physical consequences in adulthood associated with CM.
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