Observational studyBMC infectious diseases2026
Hyperinflammatory nutritional index as an exploratory combined inflammatory and nutritional marker: associations with cytokines and β2-microglobulin in COVID-19.
Observational study in BMC infectious diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCOVID-19 is characterized by heterogeneous clinical presentations, ranging from mild disease to severe hyperinflammatory states. While individual inflammatory biomarkers are associated with disease severity, the clinical relevance of combined immunonutritional indices remains unclear.
methodsThis observational cross-sectional study included 60 COVID-19 patients categorized as ICU, ward, and outpatient groups. The hyperinflammatory nutritional index (HNI), calculated as CRP × ferritin / albumin, was evaluated alongside cytokines and β2-microglobulin. Correlation and ROC analyses were performed.
resultsICU patients exhibited significantly higher inflammatory markers, cytokines, β2-microglobulin, and HNI levels. HNI showed a strong correlation with ferritin (r = 0.945) and moderate correlations with cytokines. ROC analysis demonstrated a high AUC (0.953) for HNI; however, this finding should be interpreted cautiously given the small sample size and potential mathematical coupling.
conclusionsHNI appears to reflect the combined burden of inflammation and nutritional status rather than an independent biomarker. Its clinical utility beyond individual parameters remains uncertain and requires validation in larger studies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.