ArticleBMJ open2026
Home-based virtual reality telerehabilitation for people with Parkinson's disease: a scoping review of delivery, supervision and implementation.
Article in BMJ open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo map the delivery models, supervision approaches and implementation characteristics of home-based virtual reality (VR) telerehabilitation for people with Parkinson's disease (PD).
designThis scoping review was reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews checklist. DATA SOURCES: PubMed, Scopus, CENTRAL and PEDro were searched from inception to 10 January 2026. Searches were restricted to English-language publications. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: Studies evaluating immersive or non-immersive VR-based telerehabilitation delivered at home for adults with clinician-diagnosed PD, with a remote support component (synchronous, asynchronous or structured remote monitoring). Observational, qualitative and review designs were excluded. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Two reviewers independently screened records, selected studies and charted data on delivery model, technology, onboarding, supervision, monitoring, dose and feasibility/safety. Results were synthesised using descriptive numerical summary and narrative analysis.
results18 studies (745 participants) met the inclusion criteria. 16 studies (89%) used fully home-based delivery; structured clinic-to-home transitions were rare. Technologies ranged from commercial gaming consoles (Nintendo Wii, Microsoft Kinect) to custom-built augmented reality, tablet-based and sensor-integrated platforms, with no dominant system. Asynchronous supervision, mainly through scheduled telephone calls, was used in most studies (50%), while only two (11%) employed real-time synchronous supervision. Dose prescriptions varied widely: programme durations spanned 2 weeks to 6 months, session frequencies ranged from two to five times per week and session lengths ranged from approximately 15 to 50 min. Adherence was generally high across studies; however, adverse event monitoring was inconsistently reported. Most evidence came from Europe and Oceania, with limited representation from other world regions.
conclusionHome-based VR telerehabilitation for PD is predominantly delivered through fully home-based, asynchronously supervised models, with considerable variability in technologies, dose prescriptions and safety reporting. Standardised dose reporting, structured adverse event monitoring, evidence-based supervision guidelines and geographically diverse trials are needed to support translation into routine clinical care.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.