ArticleBMJ open2026
Prehospital trauma systems in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs): a qualitative systematic review protocol.
Article in BMJ open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionTrauma-related morbidity and mortality has been shown to be disproportionately high in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Weak or fragmented prehospital systems are one of the aspects contributing significantly to the burden. Therefore, a clearer understanding of the barriers in prehospital trauma care is essential to guide improvements in care capacity for emergency situations in resource-limited settings. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: Abstract and full-text screening will be done using Covidence across different databases (Medline, Embase, Cochrane, EBSCO and Web of Science) and data extraction will be done using Microsoft Excel. Full texts will also be exported into NVivo for qualitative coding in order to perform thematic analysis. The databases will be searched up to 31 March 2026 and the search will be updated <3 months before manuscript submission. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethics approval is not required as we are performing a secondary analysis on published peer-reviewed literature. Findings will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented as posters or oral presentations at relevant conferences in hopes that the results will inform healthcare professionals, policy makers, and researchers to develop targeted strategies to improve prehospital care in LMICs. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: In accordance with the guidelines, our systematic review protocol was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews on 24 July 2025 (registration number CRD420251112090).
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Registered trials
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