ArticleLupus science & medicine2026
Protein biomarkers of inflammation in women with SLE and their newborn children.
Article in Lupus science & medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesIn utero exposure to maternal anti-Ro/Sjögren's syndrome antigen A (SSA) and anti-La/Sjögren's syndrome antigen B (SSB) autoantibodies activates the fetal type I interferon (IFN) system. Women with SLE often carry a broader range of autoantibodies beyond anti-Ro/SSA and anti-La/SSB, like for example, anti-double stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA), anti-centromere and anti-nucleosome antibodies. We aimed to assess IFN activation and the expression of other immune-related proteins in pregnant women with SLE-with or without anti-SSA/SSB or anti-dsDNA autoantibodies-and in their newborns. We also aimed to investigate the impact of maternal immunomodulatory treatment on these responses.
methodsSerum samples from 22 women with SLE and 22 healthy pregnant women, along with their newborns, were analysed using proximity extension assay technology to quantify 92 immune-related proteins.
findingsWomen with SLE had differential expression of 39 out of 92 proteins compared with healthy controls. Several proinflammatory cytokines and proteins involved in SLE pathogenesis were significantly upregulated in both women and their newborns. A couple of IFN-regulated proteins were significantly increased in anti-SSA/SSB-positive and anti-dsDNA-positive mother-child pairs, respectively. Still, IFN scores were generally elevated in pregnant women with SLE regardless of their autoantibody status. However, neonatal IFN scores did not significantly differ based on maternal autoantibody status or treatment.
conclusionWomen with SLE and their newborn children had increased expression of a range of proinflammatory biomarkers irrespective of their anti-SSA/SSB or anti-dsDNA autoantibody status. Irrespective of the increased expression of several IFN-regulated proteins in anti-SSA/SSB-positive and anti-dsDNA-positive mother-child pairs, the presence of these autoantibodies alone did not significantly influence the level of IFN activation in neither the mothers nor the newborns exposed to these autoantibodies in utero.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.