ArticleBrazilian journal of otorhinolaryngology2026
Sudden sensorineural hearing loss and viral association: serological evidence of herpesviruses and SARS-CoV-2.
Article in Brazilian journal of otorhinolaryngology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
objectiveTo investigate the association between Herpesviruses (HSV-1, HSV-2, VZV, EBV, CMV) and SARS-CoV-2 in the acute phase of Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss (SSNHL), correlating serological and PCR findings with clinical and audiometric outcomes.
methodsProspective cohort study including 53 patients evaluated between March 2020 and February 2024. Audiological assessment, serological testing (IgM and IgG), PCR for herpesviruses and SARS-CoV-2, and magnetic resonance imaging were performed.
resultsMost patients (90.6%) presented with unilateral hearing loss. Serological evidence of viral exposure was observed in 43.4% of cases, including SARS-CoV-2 (26.4%), HSV (22.6%), and CMV (5.6%). Coinfection with two viruses occurred in 11.3% of patients and was associated with poorer hearing outcomes (p = 0.0032). Bilateral hearing loss (9.4%) was also associated with no improvement (p = 0.0368). In multivariate analysis, COVID-19 infection remained independently associated with poorer outcomes.
conclusionSSNHL was associated with a high frequency of viral serological markers. Viral coinfection may be associated with poorer prognosis, although causality cannot be established. Initial hearing loss severity and bilateral involvement remained important prognostic factors. Serological findings may serve as complementary tools for clinical characterization and prognostic assessment, although their etiological role remains uncertain. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 2:
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