The Association of Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status with Birth Weight is Not Confounded by Ambient Air Pollution in Twin Pregnancies: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Marij Gielen, Esmée Bijnens, Eline Meireson, Steven Weyers, Catherine Derom, Tim Nawrot, Maurice P Zeegers

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Article in Neonatology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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5 · Who and what money

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7 authors.

Marij GielenDepartment of Epidemiology, NUTRIM School for Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands, marij.gielen@maastrichtuniversity.nl.

Esmée BijnensDepartment of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Open Universiteit Heerlen, Heerlen, The Netherlands.

Eline MeiresonDepartment of Human Structure and Repair, University Ghent, Ghent, Belgium.

Steven WeyersDepartment of Human Structure and Repair, University Ghent, Ghent, Belgium.

Catherine DeromDepartment of Human Structure and Repair, University Ghent, Ghent, Belgium.

Tim NawrotCentre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium.

Maurice P ZeegersDepartment of Epidemiology, NUTRIM School for Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionThis study examines the association of neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES) with birth weight and gestational age in a population-based twin cohort, adjusting for ambient PM

methodsNeighborhood SES was defined using maternal residence at birth and statistical sectors (average area: 1.55 km2) to define annual median neighborhood household income. PM

resultsFor twins with two separate placentas, per EUR 3,000 (∼1 SD) increase in median neighborhood household income, birth weight increased with 46.83 grams. Adjustment for PM DISCUSSION: Although neighborhood SES and ambient air pollution are correlated with birth outcomes, they act through different paths in this twin cohort. This approach provides insights into the etiology of adverse birth outcomes in a high-risk population, even in high-income settings with universal healthcare access.

Indexed as

Birth weightGestational ageNeighborhood incomeNitrogen dioxideParticulate matterSocioeconomic statusTwin

Identifiers

PMID42809512

DOI10.1159/neo/adsag016

PMCPMC13688345

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