Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42809193›Full record

ArticleJournal of bioethical inquiry2026

Beyond Transparency : Ethical Note Obligations, Documentation Burden, and the Ethical Adoption of AI-Assisted Documentation.

Kevin R Doherty, Reece E Gorrie

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Article in Journal of bioethical inquiry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Kevin R DohertyDepartment of Philosophy, College of Liberal Arts, Temple University, 1801 N. Broad St., Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA. kevindoherty@temple.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0006-3824-2672
Reece E GorrieLewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, 3500 N. Broad St., Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The 2021 Cures Act Final Rule mandated that patients have immediate and complete access to their health records. This policy change fundamentally altered the ethical significance of documentation, transforming the note from a useful clinical artifact to direct testimony from practitioners to clients. Drawing on conceptual and empirically informed resources from philosophy, psychiatry, and public health, we identify six ethical note obligations (ENOs) as a principled theoretical framework to support ethical documentation in a post-Cures Act context. Unfortunately, in nonideal circumstances, these new obligations present an undue burden that is contrary to the aim of care, posing a dilemma between ethical note obligations and documentation burden. We reject note-taking contrary to care, which entails a call for strategies to reduce documentation burden to achieve the aims of the ENOs framework. To this end, we call for the ethical adoption of AI-assisted documentation to meaningfully alleviate documentation burden, thereby enabling ethical notes.

Indexed as

AI-assisted documentationAI ethical adoptionDocumentation burdenEthical notesTestimony

Identifiers

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.