ArticleBioMed research international2026
Provegetarian Food Pattern and Obesity Among Saudi Non-Pregnant Females of Reproductive Age.
Article in BioMed research international, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
aimEvidence linking plant-based dietary patterns with adiposity in Middle Eastern populations is limited. This study examined associations between provegetarian diet index (PDI) scores and measures of general and central adiposity among Saudi women of reproductive age.
methodsThis cross-sectional study included 205 non-pregnant Saudi women aged 18-40 years systematically recruited from two tertiary hospitals in Jeddah. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated 91-item food frequency questionnaire and used to calculate PDI scores. Anthropometric measures included body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR). Multivariable regression models were adjusted for potential confounders.
resultsHigher PDI scores were generally characterised by higher intakes of fibre, polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamin C and β-carotene and lower intakes of saturated fatty acids and cholesterol. PDI score was weakly inversely correlated with WHR (r = -0.144, p < 0.05). Adjusted analyses showed no significant associations with continuous BMI, WC, WHR or WHtR (all p > 0.05). Higher PDI scores were associated with modestly lower odds of WHR-defined central obesity (adjusted OR = 0.972; 95% CI: 0.947-0.997; p = 0.031), whereas associations with WC- and WHtR-defined central obesity were not significant.
conclusionPDI scores were not consistently associated with measures of general or central adiposity. Although higher scores were associated with modestly lower odds of WHR-defined central obesity, this isolated finding was not supported by the continuous adiposity outcomes and should be considered exploratory. Prospective studies are needed to determine whether this association is reproducible.
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