ArticleFrontiers in oral health2026
Assessment of medical and dental students' knowledge, attitudes and practices related to fluoride exposure: a cross-sectional study from Jordan.
Article in Frontiers in oral health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Fluoride is protective against dental caries, but chronic overexposure causes dental and skeletal fluorosis and has been associated with neurological, endocrine, and renal effects. Jordan has endemic fluorosis, with dental fluorosis affecting 40%-70% of residents in several regions, yet no study has examined whether its future clinicians are prepared to recognize and manage fluoride toxicity. We assessed the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of medical and dental students regarding fluoride exposure. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 583 medical and dental students were recruited by convenience sampling at a single institution, the University of Jordan (June-December 2025), and completed a 27-item self-administered questionnaire adapted from a validated population-based instrument. It captured demographic and academic characteristics and three scored domains: Knowledge (range 0-14), Attitudes (5-25), and Practices (8-40). Domain scores were compared by program, gender, curriculum exposure, and year of study using t-tests and Welch's ANOVA with Games-Howell Results: Mean Knowledge was low-to-moderate (5.38 ± 3.22; Cronbach's Conclusion: Medical and dental students demonstrated limited knowledge of the systemic and regulatory dimensions of fluoride toxicity, and generally favorable attitudes did not translate into active protective behavior. Formal curriculum exposure showed the strongest association with preparedness, although the cross-sectional design does not permit causal inference. As the sample was drawn from a single institution and was overwhelmingly resident in the Central region, these findings should not be generalized to all Jordanian medical and dental students, particularly those in fluorosis-endemic areas. They nonetheless support targeted continuing education in fluorosis-endemic regions, and parallel investment in water safety.
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