ReviewFrontiers in oncology2026
Integrating new and "old" cellular therapies in the evolving landscape of relapsed or refractory large B-cell lymphoma.
Review in Frontiers in oncology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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10 authors.
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Abstract
The therapeutic algorithm for relapsed or refractory large B-cell lymphoma (R/R LBCL) is rapidly evolving. Pivotal Phase III trials, ZUMA-7 and TRANSFORM, have established second-line CD19-directed CAR T-cell therapies (axi-cel and liso-cel) as standard of care for primary refractory or early-relapsing disease, displaying superior survival outcomes compared with salvage chemoimmunotherapy followed by autologous hematopoietic stem cells transplantation (auto-HSCT) which is now limited to late relapses. However, clinical management of R/R LBCL becomes highly complex in peculiar settings, especially in case of multiple relapses even after CAR T-cell therapy, as described in our clinical case of secondary central nervous system disease relapse. Allogeneic HSCT remains a niche consolidative strategy exclusively for fit patients lacking other therapeutic options. Moving forward, novel bioengineering approaches, including dual-targeting, memory-enriched and "armored" CARs, aim to overcome current resistance mechanisms and redefine future clinical practice.
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