ReviewFrontiers in pharmacology2026
TCM herb pairs regulate breast cancer TME heterogeneous mechanisms in immune, vascular, and stromal compartments.
Review in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is the most prevalent malignancy in women, and its complex tumor microenvironment (TME) characterized by immunosuppression, aberrant angiogenesis and stromal fibrosis is a critical cause of therapeutic failure. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) herb pairs, with multi-target, multi-component and multi-dimensional modes of action, show unique advantages in modulating the breast cancer TME. Core findings: This study systematically reviewed the regulatory mechanisms of 20 core anti-breast cancer herb pairs on the TME. Heat-clearing and detoxifying herb pairs (e.g., Conclusion: TCM herb pairs have substantial value in systematically remodeling the breast cancer TME and advancing integrative oncology. Nano-enabled delivery systems serve as a critical technical solution to overcome the intrinsic pharmacokinetic defects of herbal bioactive components and accelerate their clinical translation. The clinical translation pathway based on "syndrome differentiation-guided herb pair selection-precision TME modulation-synergistic efficacy enhancement" is expected to provide more precise, safe and effective therapeutic options for breast cancer patients.
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