ArticleFrontiers in public health2026
Contamination of reusable cleaning tools in healthcare settings: a study based on the longitudinal surveillance in Shanghai.
Article in Frontiers in public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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11 authors.
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Abstract
Background: Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) have become global public health threat to human health. Contaminated hospital environments are increasingly recognized as critical reservoirs and vectors in the transmission of HAIs. Cleaning tools are important instruments in cleaning and disinfecting healthcare-associated facilities, of which cleanliness significantly impact the effectiveness of environmental cleaning. Methods: This research was a part of the longitudinal environmental surveillance, which was conducted in inpatient settings across Shanghai. Results: A total of 5,000 samples of healthcare reusable cleaning tools were collected, and the positive detection rate of pathogens was 7.44%. Compared to ICU, several departments exhibited a higher risk of pathogen detection: the internal medicine department ( Conclusion: The overall pathogen positivity rate was 7.44%. Routine disinfection of cleaning tools appears to be associated with a lower detective rate of pathogens on the surface of cleaning tools. The integration of behavioral surveillance of disinfection practices, environmental microbiological surveillance, and pathogen isolate surveillance warrants consideration in future studies. Although this study provides a preliminary understanding of the contamination status and disinfection practices of cleaning tools in medical institutions, further research is warranted to evaluate specific disinfection measures and their effectiveness on these items.
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