ArticleFrontiers in allergy2026
Nationwide epinephrine auto-injector dispensing in Greece: a drug-utilization study providing insights into anaphylaxis epidemiology and emergency-treatment preparedness.
Article in Frontiers in allergy, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Anaphylaxis is a serious systemic hypersensitivity reaction requiring prompt recognition and treatment, yet diagnosis-linked national surveillance is unavailable in many countries. Epinephrine auto-injector (EAI) dispensing cannot identify confirmed events or individual patients, but it is an epidemiologically relevant medication-use endpoint because EAIs are supplied to people with prior anaphylaxis or a clinically judged risk of future anaphylaxis. Objective: To quantify nationwide EAI dispensing in Greece as a drug-utilization and emergency-treatment-preparedness benchmark and, secondarily, derive scenario-based incidence-compatible and prevalence-equivalent indicators relevant to the epidemiology of anaphylaxis. Methods: This nationwide retrospective drug-utilization study analyzed aggregated net Anapen® DUO pack counts from reimbursed and non-reimbursed retail and hospital pharmacy channels during March 2015-March 2017, when it was the only EAI marketed nationally. Directly observed pack flow was primary, utilization by EAI strength was analyzed at the population level using age-equivalent denominators, expiry timing was examined conditionally, and scenario outputs were deterministic sensitivity analyses. Results: During 25 months, 33,986 twin-packs were recorded (153.2 packs per 100,000 person-years). The final 12-month rate was 154.0 per 100,000 population. Using age-equivalent population denominators, 150-microgram dispensing intensity was 5.8-fold higher than 300-microgram intensity. Reference scenarios yielded an incidence-compatible anaphylaxis indicator of 47.7-125.3 episodes per 100,000 person-years and prevalence-equivalent active EAI coverage of 51.7-133.0 persons per 100,000. Deliberately broader assumption ranges widened these to 17.0-229.8 and 19.7-177.3, respectively. Conclusion: Nationwide EAI dispensing provides the first all-age benchmark of access to community emergency epinephrine in Greece. By combining observed pack flow with transparent scenario-based analyses, this study introduces a reproducible approach for gaining insights into anaphylaxis epidemiology and emergency-treatment preparedness from national dispensing data, particularly where comprehensive registries are unavailable.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.