ArticleERJ open research2026
Prognostic validation of the 2019 International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation chronic lung allograft dysfunction states in lung transplant recipients.
Article in ERJ open research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Abstract
Background: The 2019 ISHLT consensus chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) definition introduced a standardised classification for CLAD into Potential, Possible, Probable and Definite stages, based on the degree and persistence of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV Methods: In 482 lung allograft recipients with measurable baseline FEV Results: Possible CLAD was the earliest stage independently associated with increased mortality (HR 2.8, 95% CI 1.7-4.5), similar to Probable and Definite CLAD (HR 3.5 (1.8-7.6) and 3.5 (2.4-5.2), respectively). Most lung allograft recipients with Possible CLAD progressed to Probable/Definite CLAD, confirming its clinical importance. In contrast, Potential CLAD frequently resolved and was not associated with increased mortality, identifying it as an early but reversible warning signal. Conclusion: Potential CLAD shows uncertain prognostic significance, underscoring the need for biomarkers to identify patients at risk of progression. Possible CLAD is independently linked to increased mortality and defines the earliest actionable stage of chronic allograft dysfunction, for timely intervention.
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