ArticleFrontiers in immunology2026
Integrated miR-omics and proteomics reveal the regulatory role of miR in protein networks associated with COVID-19 disease progression.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Introduction: While microRNA (miR) expression profiling has identified potential biomarkers in patients with COVID-19, the regulatory mechanisms by which miRs modulate disease severity remain poorly characterized. We performed integrated miR-proteome analysis to elucidate mechanistic relationships between miR regulation and COVID-19 severity. Method: Deidentified plasma samples from 93 participants with acute COVID-19 were categorized by severity using a 12-point symptom scoring system: mild (0-1), moderate (2-4), and severe (5-12). miR and proteomic profiles were analyzed using univariate statistics, pathway analysis, miR-target prediction, and correlation analysis. Differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) and differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) between the three severity groups from the original cohort were evaluated in a validation cohort of 94 participants. Results: We identified 365 unique miRs and 801 unique proteins that were significantly associated with COVID-19 severity in any of the three comparisons. Ingenuity pathway analysis revealed neutrophil degranulation, cytokine storm, interleukin-10 (IL-10) signaling, and wound healing signaling as top dysregulated pathways in severe versus mild cases, with IL-6 involved in 9 of the 10 most significant pathways. Correlation analysis between miRs and proteins from 93 participants identified 6,559 miR-protein pairs with | Discussion: To our knowledge, this represents the first integrated analysis of circulating miRs and proteins from the same COVID-19 participants and separately in a validation cohort. The high frequency of negative miR-protein correlations combined with target prediction analysis suggests that miRs play regulatory roles in COVID-19 severity-associated pathways. These findings provide mechanistic insights into miR regulation of host immune responses and identify potential biomarkers that could inform therapy of COVID-19.
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