ArticleFrontiers in immunology2026
Immune activation during liver machine perfusion is shaped by perfusate composition and is independent of the ischemic injury.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Ischemia-reperfusion injury remains a major challenge in liver transplantation and plays a major role in pathophysiology leading to graft failure. Machine perfusion (MP) is a promising approach to restitute marginal donor livers. However, the impact of MP on innate immunity remains insufficiently defined. We hypothesized that MP activates the innate inflammatory response. Thus, we investigated whether the ischemic injury and perfusate composition [plasma-rich perfusate (PRP) versus plasma-poor perfusate (PPP)] modulate the inflammatory response, identified by complement activation and cytokine release. Methods: Thirty porcine livers were subjected to Results: Except for interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in bile tissue in the BileINJ group and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in plasma in the GlobalINJ group, all mediators assessed whether in perfusate, liver, or bile tissue did not differ significantly between ischemic injury groups and CTRL. Data were therefore combined into a common PRP group for further comparisons. In PRP perfusate, MP induced robust complement activation (sC5b-9: median fold change (FC) 4 [2-6 interquartile range]) and cytokine release (IL-1β: FC 88 [51-165], IL-6: FC 1,549 [587-3,053], IL-8: FC 389 [120-1,259], IL-10: FC 404 [222-656], all Conclusions: Liver MP reliably induced innate immune-driven inflammation regardless of prior ischemic injury. The magnitude of the inflammatory response was substantially lower in the PPP group compared to the PRP group. Future therapeutic trials targeting innate immunity during
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.